经常在美剧中听到一级谋杀、二级谋杀、重罪谋杀这些概念，不同的谋杀是如何定性的。一起来感受一下吧。
Common Law Murder
普通法下的谋杀
Common law murder is the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought. Malice aforethought was committed with one of the following states of mind:
▪ intent to kill
▪ Intent to inflict great bodily injury
▪ reckless indifference to an unjustifiably high risk to human life; or
▪ intent to commit a felony
普通法下的谋杀是有(yǒu)预谋的非法杀害一个人。预谋在主观上表现為(wèi)故意杀害；故意使之遭受严重的身體(tǐ)伤害；鲁莽的忽视对于一个人生命的不合理(lǐ)的高风险；或者故意犯下重罪。
Statutory Murder
成文(wén)法下的谋杀
In some jurisdictions, murder is divided into degrees by statute.
在一些司法管辖區(qū)，依据法规，谋杀被划分(fēn)為(wèi)不同的等级。
First Degree Murder
一级谋杀
First degree murder requires that the defendant made the decision to kill in a cool and dispassionate manner and actually reflected on the idea of killing. It requires a specific intent, meaning that the defendant must have acted with intent or knowledge that their conduct would cause death.
一级谋杀是指被告以一种非常冷静的方式，切实的仔细思考杀人后，作出的杀人决定。一级谋杀要求特定犯意，即被告的行為(wèi)必须是故意的或者是知道他(tā)们的行為(wèi)会导致死亡的后果。
Second Degree Murder
二级谋杀
Second degree murder is similar to common law murder. It can be any murder that is not classified as a first degree murder.
二级谋杀类似于普通法下的谋杀，它可(kě)以是除一级谋杀外的任何谋杀。
Felony Murder
重罪谋杀
Any death caused in the commission of, or in an attempt to commit, a felony is murder. The felonies most commonly listed are burglary, arson, rape, robbery, and kidnapping.
任何因实施或试图实施重罪而导致的死亡构成重罪谋杀。通常所列重罪有(yǒu)夜盗、纵火、强奸、抢劫和绑架。
Voluntary Manslaughter
激情杀人
Voluntary manslaughter occurs when there is existence of adequate provocation. The provocation is adequate if it arouses sudden and intense passion in the mind of an ordinary person, causing them to lose self-control and leaving them no time to cool off.
当存在充分(fēn)的挑衅时，就会发生激情杀人。充分(fēn)的挑衅是指挑衅可(kě)以对一个普通人产生突然的强烈的激情，导致他(tā)们失去自我控制并使他(tā)们没有(yǒu)时间冷静下来。
Involuntary Manslaughter
非激情杀人
A killing is involuntary manslaughter if it was committed with criminal negligence during the commission of an unlawful act.
非激情杀人是指在实施一项不法行為(wèi)的过程中，因犯罪性的过失而实施的杀人行為(wèi)。
我國(guó)《刑法》
第二百三十二条 故意杀人的，处死刑、无期徒刑或者十年以上有(yǒu)期徒刑;情节较轻的，处三年以上十年以下有(yǒu)期徒刑。
第二百三十三条 过失致人死亡的，处三年以上七年以下有(yǒu)期徒刑;情节较轻的，处三年以下有(yǒu)期徒刑。本法另有(yǒu)规定的，依照规定。
第二百三十四条 故意伤害他(tā)人身體(tǐ)的，处三年以下有(yǒu)期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
犯前款罪，致人重伤的，处三年以上十年以下有(yǒu)期徒刑;致人死亡或者以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾的，处十年以上有(yǒu)期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。本法另有(yǒu)规定的，依照规定。
作者介绍
延彬彬律师
现為(wèi)上海律宏律师事務(wù)所合伙人律师，民(mín)革党员。先后被评為(wèi)民(mín)革上海市委三八红旗手、民(mín)革普陀區(qū)委先进个人，并在第一届上海律师學(xué)术大赛中获“代理(lǐ)词评选”优秀奖，持有(yǒu)证券从业资格证、上海市知识产权工作者证等。
执业领域：
不良资产处置，企业法律顾问，各类合同纠纷，劳动人事纠纷，婚姻家庭纠纷的处理(lǐ)，刑事案件以及行政案件的处理(lǐ)，医疗器械行业法律服務(wù)等。
执业理(lǐ)念：
每个人都值得拥有(yǒu)自己的私人律师。
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