在美國(guó)的财产法中，一个土地的无权占有(yǒu)者在满足了一定条件后，就可(kě)以成為(wèi)这块土地的主人，而土地的真正主人将丧失他(tā)的权利。那么是哪些条件可(kě)以让一块土地轻松易主呢(ne)？一起来看一下吧。
反向占有(yǒu)
Adverse Possession
Adverse possession means that if the owner of the land does not, within the statutory period, take action to eject a possessor who claims adversely to the owner, title vests in the possessor. For possession to ripen into title, it must be continuous, opens and notorious, actual and exclusive，and hostile.
反向占有(yǒu)是指如果土地所有(yǒu)权人未在法定期间内驱逐不利于自己的占有(yǒu)者，所有(yǒu)权将授予占有(yǒu)者。因占有(yǒu)取得所有(yǒu)权，占有(yǒu)必须是持续的、公开的、实际且排他(tā)的，以及不利的。
“Continuous” means that the adverse claimant’s possession must be continuous throughout the statutory period, intermittent periods of occupancy are not sufficient.
“持续的”是指反向权利主张者的占有(yǒu)必须持续贯穿法定期间的始终，间歇性的占有(yǒu)是充分(fēn)的。
“Opens and Notorious” means that the occupation must be sufficiently apparent to put the true owner on notice that a trespass is occurring.
“公开的”是指占有(yǒu)必须足够明显以使实际所有(yǒu)人知道非法侵入的发生。
“Actual” means that the adverse possessor will gain title only to land they actually occupy or invalid deed describes.
“实际的”是指反向占有(yǒu)者仅可(kě)对其实际占有(yǒu)的土地或无效契约中所描述的土地享有(yǒu)权利。
“Exclusive” means that the possessor is not sharing with the true owner and the public.
“排他(tā)的”是指占有(yǒu)者未于实际所有(yǒu)人或公众分(fēn)享权利。
“Hostile” means that the possessor enters without the owner’s permission.
“不利的”是指占有(yǒu)者的进入未经实际所有(yǒu)人许可(kě)。
The statute of limitations begins to run when the true owner can first bring suit. It does not run against a holder of future interest until the interest becomes possessory, nor does it run if the true owner, at the inception of the adverse possession, is afflicted by a disability.
诉讼时效自实际所有(yǒu)权人首次提起诉讼时生效。未来权利持有(yǒu)者的权利尚未成為(wèi)所有(yǒu)权的，或在反向占有(yǒu)发生时，实际权利人是无行為(wèi)能(néng)力的，诉讼时效不生效。
Exception 例外
Title to government-owned land and land registered under a Torrens system cannot be acquired by adverse possession.
國(guó)有(yǒu)土地或者按照托伦斯制度登记的土地所有(yǒu)权的取得，不适用(yòng)反向占有(yǒu)。
我國(guó)《民(mín)法典》
第二百三十五条 无权占有(yǒu)不动产或者动产的，权利人可(kě)以请求返还原物(wù)。
作者介绍
延彬彬律师
现為(wèi)上海律宏律师事務(wù)所合伙人律师，民(mín)革党员。先后被评為(wèi)民(mín)革上海市委三八红旗手、民(mín)革普陀區(qū)委先进个人，并在第一届上海律师學(xué)术大赛中获“代理(lǐ)词评选”优秀奖，持有(yǒu)证券从业资格证、上海市知识产权工作者证等。
执业领域：
不良资产处置，企业法律顾问，各类合同纠纷，劳动人事纠纷，婚姻家庭纠纷的处理(lǐ)，刑事案件以及行政案件的处理(lǐ)，医疗器械行业法律服務(wù)，美國(guó)绿卡申请及绿卡争议解决等。
执业理(lǐ)念：
每个人都值得拥有(yǒu)自己的私人律师。
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