你所说的，你的律师将為(wèi)你永久保密，是真的吗？一起来看美國(guó)证据法下的律师-客户保密特权。
Attorney-Client Privilege
Communications between an attorney and client, made during professional consultation, are privileged from disclosure.
在提供专业咨询的过程中，律师和客户的交流是保密的。
NO.1
Confidential Communication
保密交流
The privilege applies to communication only and does not apply to underlying information, pre-existing documents, or physical evidence. To be protected, the communication must be confidential (meaning, not intended to be disclosed to third parties).
保密特权仅适用(yòng)于交流的内容，不适用(yòng)于背景信息、文(wén)件或物(wù)证。交流必须是保密的，即交流方无意图披露给第三方。
NO.2
Attorney-Client Relationship
委托关系
An “attorney” is a member of the bar, or someone the client believes to be a member of the bar, and includes an attorney’s agent, such as a paralegal or assistance.
A “client” includes a corporation and its representations, such as its officials or employees.
律师是律师协会会员，包括他(tā)的代理(lǐ)人，如实习律师，律师助理(lǐ)。客户包括公司以及公司的代表，如高管或雇员。
NO.3
Professional Legal Consultation
专业法律咨询
The primary purpose of the communication must be to obtain or render legal services, not to give business advice or social advice.
交流的主要目的必须是為(wèi)了获取或者给与法律服務(wù)，而不是给与商(shāng)业建议或者社会建议。
NO.4
Privilege Applies Indefinitely
永久保密
It continues after the attorney-client relationship ends and even after the client’s death. The client’s estate representative has the power to waive the privilege after the client’s death. Disclosures made before the attorney accepts or declines the case are covered by the privilege.
保密持续至委托关系结束，甚至至客户死亡。客户的遗产代理(lǐ)人在客户死后有(yǒu)权放弃该特权。在律师接受或拒绝代理(lǐ)案件前的交流亦受该特权的保护。
NO.5 Waiver 弃权
Undisclosed privileged material is subject to the waiver only if the waiver was intentional, the disclosed and undisclosed material concern the same subject matter, and the material should be considered together to avoid unfairness.
只有(yǒu)在弃权是有(yǒu)意的，已披露的和未披露的材料共同指向同一标的，為(wèi)避免不公正，这些材料必须要放在一起考虑时，方视為(wèi)放弃保密特权。
Exceptions 除外规定
There is no privilege:
Ø If the attorney’s services were sought to aid in the planning or commission of something the client should have know was a crime or fraud
Ø For a communication relevant to an issue of breach of duty in a dispute between the attorney and client
Ø Regarding a communication relevant to an issue between parties claiming through the same deceased client
以下情况不适用(yòng)保密特权：
Ø 律师的服務(wù)是為(wèi)了协助客户计划或实施犯罪或欺诈
Ø 律师与客户之间产生的违约争议
Ø 双方通过同一已故客户产生的争议
《中华人民(mín)共和國(guó)律师法》
第三十八条 律师应当保守在执业活动中知悉的國(guó)家秘密、商(shāng)业秘密，不得泄露当事人的隐私。
律师对在执业活动中知悉的委托人和其他(tā)人不愿泄露的有(yǒu)关情况和信息，应当予以保密。但是，委托人或者其他(tā)人准备或者正在实施危害國(guó)家安全、公共安全以及严重危害他(tā)人人身安全的犯罪事实和信息除外。
作者介绍
延彬彬律师
现為(wèi)上海律宏律师事務(wù)所合伙人律师，民(mín)革党员。先后被评為(wèi)民(mín)革上海市委三八红旗手、民(mín)革普陀區(qū)委先进个人，并在第一届上海律师學(xué)术大赛中获“代理(lǐ)词评选”优秀奖，持有(yǒu)证券从业资格证、上海市知识产权工作者证等。
执业领域：
不良资产处置，企业法律顾问，各类合同纠纷，劳动人事纠纷，婚姻家庭纠纷的处理(lǐ)，刑事案件以及行政案件的处理(lǐ)，医疗器械行业法律服務(wù)等。
执业理(lǐ)念：
每个人都值得拥有(yǒu)自己的私人律师。
微信:
w13764304810
